NORTH KOREA :: essays research papers

In a conversation with the United States and China in Beijing on April 24, 2003, North Korean authorities conceded just because that they had atomic weapons. North Korean authorities guarantee to have reprocessed and imitated spent fuel poles and have taken steps to start sending out atomic materials, except if the United States consents to one-on-one talks with North Korea. Pressure between the United States and North Korea have been running quite solid and high since early October of 2002. Right hand Secretary of State James Kelly educated North Korean authorities that the United States knew that North Korea had a program that was permitting them to advance uranium for atomic weapons. At first North Korea denied this, yet later affirmed the veracity of the US guarantee.           In affirming that they had a functioning atomic weapons program, they likewise announced the Agreed Framework understanding. The Agreed Framework marked by the United States and North Korea on October 21, 1994 in Geneva concurred that: 1.) North Korea would freeze its current atomic program and consent to upgraded International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) shields. 2.) Both sides would coordinate to supplant the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (D.P.R.K.) graphite-directed reactors for related offices with light-water (LWR) power plants. 3.) Both nations would push toward full standardization of political and monetary relations. 4.) Both sides will cooperate for harmony and security on an atomic free Korean landmass. 5.) Both sides would work to reinforce the universal atomic non-multiplication system.           Beginning during the 1960s, the Soviet Union provided different sorts of rockets, atomic force innovation, and preparing to North Korea. China started providing North Korea with rocket innovation during the 1970s. The North Korean atomic weapons program was authoritatively fully operational with full power during the 1980s.

The Great Gatsby :: F. Scott Fitzgerald

The Great Gatsby: An immortal exemplary The Great Gatsby is a film by F. Scott Fitzergald and is set in the 1920’s. Outwardly, The Great Gatsby is an account of the disappointed love between a man and a lady. In any case, the principle subject of the novel involves an a lot bigger and less sentimental degree. In spite of the fact that the entirety of its occasions happen over a measly hardly any months throughout the late spring of 1922 and is set in a constrained geological region in the zone of Long Island, New York, The Great Gatsby is an exceptionally emblematic impression of the 1920s American life in general. The storyline outlines the disintegration of the American dream in a time of unmatched thriving and material excessiveness. Fitzgerald depicts the 1920s as a period of rotted social and virtues, appeared in the movies pessimism, eagerness, and void quest for joy. The wildness that prompted wanton gatherings and wild jazz music, appeared in The Great Gatsby by the extravagant gatherings that Gatsby tosses each Saturday night, came about at last in the defilement of the American dream, as the uninhibited want for cash and joy surpassed progressively honorable objectives. The bewildering ascent of the securities exchange in the repercussions of the war prompted an abrupt, continued increment in the national riches and a freshly discovered realism, as individuals started to spend and devour at remarkable levels. An individual from any social foundation could, conceivably, make a fortune. Moreover, the entry of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, which restricted the offer of liquor, made a blasting unlawful industry intended to fulfill the gigantic interest for contraband alcohol among the rich and poor. Fitzgerald positions the characters of The Great Gatsby as images of these social patterns. Scratch and Gatsby, both of whom battled in World War I, show the recently discovered social decent variety and suspicion that came about because of the war. The different opportunists and driven examiners who go to Gatsby’s parties represent the covetous scramble for riches. Meyer Wolfshiem and Gatsby’s fortune represent the ascent of composed wrongdoing and bootlegging. As Fitzgerald saw it the American dream was initially about revelation, independence, and the quest for joy. During the 1920s, be that as it may, as portrayed in the novel, pain free income and laid-back social qualities have ruined this fantasy, particularly on the East Coast. The principle plotline of the novel mirrors this judgment, as Gatsby’s fantasy about adoring Daisy is demolished by the distinction in their own social places, his falling back on wrongdoing to bring in enough cash to establish a connection with her, and the seething realism that recognizes her reality.

Case Scenario Analysis Essay - 1375 Words

Case Scenario Analysis (Essay Sample) Content: Case Scenario AnalysisNameInstitutionDateCase Scenario AnalysisAdmittedly, there is a correlation between the crime statistics and the frequency of or tendencies of the criminal behavior occurring at any given time and area. Usually, crime statistics is useful in forecasting future crimes, a situation that implies the relationship existing between the statistics and the trends in criminal behavior. From a theoretical perspective, the relationship between crime statistics and the frequency of a crime is based on the routine activities and the rational choice perspective. In essence, both of these principles imply that individuals are self-determining even as criminal activities are purposeful. Substantially, this theoretical constructs mean that offenders or those who commit crimes are influenced by both environmental and situational factors, which create either desirable or undesirable opportunities for causing offenses. While crime statistics may provide a good start ing point for forecasting the frequency of offenses, one can expect that many factors affect the trends of such offenses. For example, the state of economic opportunity may facilitate the occurrence of property offenses whereas most violent crimes would occur in response to the societal factors facilitating conflict or because of the availability of guns. In respect to Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s case, the psychological traits influence the likelihood of committing offenses. In fact, John suffers from the antisocial personality disorder that is has a close relationship with criminal behavior. With many factors influencing the occurrence and the frequency of crime, it follows that crime statistics has a limited accuracy.In particular, crime statistics is not accurate in most cases because of many factors. Sometimes, the statistics are subject to manipulation by the police department. Agreeably, the government facilitates manipulation of crime data either through altering the category of crimes or by underreporting. In essence, other factors that may compromise the accuracy of crime statistics in predicting the frequency of criminal activities include the literacy levels of the investigation personnel and the ability to document correct crime reports in the records. Moreover, people may give false information on crimes because they want to satisfy their interests, which may include attracting compensation from insurance agencies. In respect to this, crime data becomes inaccurate and cannot give a good picture of the frequency of offenses during forecasting of criminal behavior. At times, people engage in dispute resolution at the family level, which compromises the accuracy of the crime statistics because some of these crimes are not reported. While there is a relationship between crime statistics and the frequency of criminal behavior, correlation does not necessarily equate to causation. Because there are many factors that influence the occurrence of different crimes, it is pertinent that statistics is used sparingly in forecasting of offenses.Contrary to the environmentalism, which suggests that environment variations cause variations in criminal behavior, the biosocial perspectives are founded on a different assumption. In particular, the biosocial perspective is based on the assumption that environmental and biological factors often interact to influence criminal activities or behavior. In respect, to the biosocial perspective, the occurrence of crimes entails an ever- changing legal designation and it is wrong to suggest that the commission of crimes is biological or occurs because of biology. In essence, the diagnosis that John might be suffering from hormonal imbalance, which makes him engage in shooting, is explainable using the biosocial approach. Notably, the hormonal levels in people have a correlation with their violent behaviors. Impliedly, the role of hormonal imbalance in predicting Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s violent behavior is instrumental an d can be revealed by focusing on the expected changes in the level of violence with age. In fact, people tend to become less violent as they get old. Pertinently, this implies that the old people are less violent because of their low levels of hormones such as androgen. Evidently, high levels of androgen secretion such as testosterone are correlated with aggressive behavior in people. In fact, in male children such as John, high levels of testosterone results in violent behaviors or increases the likelihood of exhibiting aggressive behaviors. Admittedly, the environment in which a child is raised has a significant influence on the biological expression of genes. Usually, biosocial theorists believe that poor or disadvantaged environments often facilitate the expression of antisocial genes and cause suppression of the prosocial gene in a manner that hinders the realization of an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s genetic potential. More specifically, rearing children who are genetically at risk for antisocial behavior in positive family environments helps to prevent the development of antisocial behavior. Similarly, children who are not at a genetic risk for antisocial behavior never develop such behaviors when they are brought up in disadvantaged or adverse environments. From this perspective, one can explain that Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s development of antisocial behavior is because of the interaction between the genes (biological factors) and the environment (the environmental facilitates expression of antisocial genes).Besides, the biosocial perspectives are instrumental in policy applications particularly regarding treatment and prevention programs. However, the biosocial perspectives may not are not valid indicators in assessing the responsibility of crime or evaluating crime tendencies. In fact, the biosocial theories or perspectives have an inherent individualistic bias, a situation that compromises their reliability in the determination of criminal tendencies or behaviors . Contrary to the biosocial perspective that there is a strong relationship between violence and hormonal behavior, there are cases where men having higher levels of testosterone have never engaged in violence. In addition, the biosocial approach to criminology fails to explain the existence of temporal and regional differences in crime rates. For example, it is hard to find a valid explanation why the eastern Canadian provinces have fewer homicide rates compared to Western Canadian provinces. On the other hand, the biosocial indicators are invalid because they create a bias by implying that people who come from disadvantaged environments are likely violent, a situation that may not always be true. While there are significant advances in research in respect to biosocial perspectives, such views lack a valid genetic basis for crime.Substantially, the social structure theory can explain Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬&...

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1332 Words

Introduction As we know, The Great Gatsby written by F.Scott Fitzgerald has prevailed more than half century. From this novel, we can see various characters’ performance in 1920s in United States. Obviously, what the writer expressed has a sustainable influence for successors. In my thesis, I will show my opinion about Different female values in the Great Gatsby. In The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald exquisitely and accurately depicts the â€Å"jazz age†. The three important female images are particularly impressive: Gatsby s dream lover, Daisy Buchanan from a noble family, Daisy s girlfriend, also a golf player Jordan Baker, and Tom Buchanan s mistress Myrtle Wilson. As for Jordan Baker who always keeps skeptical for the world, â€Å"there are only†¦show more content†¦When the gunfire broke out in the US, everyone lost proper belief. Youth lost the direction at that time when the United States traditional value broke up. Daisy born in that time. Daisy’s love value is a kind of secularization of love value without the holy worthï ¼Å'which is ruled by social normï ¼Å'social trapï ¼Å'family conflict and desireï ¼Å½Consequently, it is easy to cause innermost crisis and spiritual emptinessï ¼Å'consciously and unconsciously sinking into solitudeï ¼Å½The one who holds the love value of secularization is apprehensive, perfect her love like religion followerï ¼Å½These characteristics are ascertained in Daisy’s loveï ¼Å¡she often feels lonely, and although she knows well about the extramarital affair of her husbandï ¼Å'for fortune and social statusï ¼Å'she isn’t willing to abandon her familyï ¼â€ºshe yearns for true loveï ¼Å'but has no courage to go after itï ¼â€ºshe is indifferent to lifeï ¼Å'who call even let her lover take blame of killing person for herï ¼Å½ As a modern female in Fitzgerald s work, Daisy had a strong female consciousness. She is a rich and vivid person, and also a victim of the emotional infidelity. Under her hypocrisy, she owns love, mature, honest and is full of romantic fantasy. No doubt that she was the representative of new women. She didn t want to become a pregnant tool, and the life around the kitchen all day was not what she wanted. What she wanted was different from the traditional women s marriage, motherhood and

Essay on Internet Censorship - 1038 Words

Internet Censorship You are at work and the phone rings. It is the school principal from the high school your daughter attends. He politely tells you that your daughter is being suspended from school and asks that you please come pick her up. After digging a little deeper, you find out that she is being punished for posting to the internet, a book report based writings of James Joyce. The reason for the suspension is not because the material was plagiarized, but because the content of the material was considered objectionable or indecent according to new standards mandated by the government. The above story could have easily happened under the 1996 Communication Decency Act (CDA), whose objective was, according to class notes,†¦show more content†¦Each of these clauses--indecent, depicting or describing, patently offensive, and contemporary community standards--hides a landmine threatening the future of freedom of speech in this country. How could this law cause such a problem? The issue is with the words themselves. Depending on where a person is from, how they were raise, what their religious beliefs were, as well as other factors, different people have very different views on what they think is meant by each clause. The reason is that each term is ambituous and vague. Also, according to Spectable.org, the CDA does not differentiate or contain any exceptions for speech with scientific, literary, artistic or political value. Under the 1996 CDA, many books considered to be important literary works, including the Bible, would be banned, but only if posted on line ! What about the community standards wording? Well, according to this law, community standard means that any material placed on the Internet, anywhere, must be able to pass the same ambiguous standards for all communities that have Internet access, anywhere in the United States. What this boils down to is that the standards of the most conservative community would apply. There are two issues that I have with the community standards wording. First, the Internet has no borders and is accessible by people all over the world, with many countries having standards that are very different from ours. Under the CDA all of those websites would be bannedShow MoreRelatedCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet985 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of Censorship of the Internet in America has become a trending topic. The internet has been commonly censored to comply with the Digital Millennium Rights Act, but in recent times our government has been requesting more aggressive censorship in order to provid e a safer cyberspace. If the American government began to censor the internet, the restriction will result in suppression of freedom of the press, hindering freedom of speech, and reduce the plethora of information on the internet. If AmericaRead MoreInternet Censorship And The Internet941 Words   |  4 Pages More than two decades ago, the Internet was yet to be ubiquitous in the homes of the general public around the world. Today, global users of the Internet has surpassed the 3 billion mark, or approximately 45% of the world population, a trend that is not likely to slow down anytime soon (World Internet Users Statistics and 2015 World Population Stats, 2014). The idealistic vision of self-governance of the Internet has proved to be insufficient and threats to the Internet’s core principles areRead MoreThe Internet and Censorship940 Words   |  4 PagesThe internet is a diverse pool of information that anyone nowadays can have access to. One of the more controversial topics that involves the internet, is the censorship of the internet. Internet censorship can be defined as the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published or viewed on the internet. It’s been hot topic in recent years because many government organizations have been trying to pass many reforms to help push the censorship of the internet, either directly or indirectlyRead More Internet Censorship Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone has heard of the Internet and how it is going to help set the world free. The Internet is the fastest growing form of communication and is becoming more and more common in the home. Companies these days do big business over the Internet, and online shopping has grown tremendously in the last few years. For instance, the online auction site eBay sells millions of items every year online. Many companies are making even more plans to expand their business to the Internet. Unfortunately, there haveRead MoreInternet Censorship1799 Words   |  8 PagesTechnologies Used In Internet Censorship and Control Murdoch (2013) opines the Internet as an entity where control is always fought over for by those that use it. He further demystifies the internet, breaking it down to the two protocols that define it. These are the transmission control protocol – TCP- and the Internet Protocol –Ip. It is these protocols that enable the connection of two separate networks to each other. The protocols enable the easy connection of separate networks, without theRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet1754 Words   |  8 PagesCensorship of the Internet is on the rise in highly populated states today. Although the Internet is considered as one of the most significant tools for the public sphere, many users have decried the Internet’s benefits and seen the Internet as a ‘double-edged sword’. Even as the Internet connects most of the world and gives valuable access to information, the same tool allows access to material that may be considered dangerous or harmfu l. The recent increase in discussion on the act of censorshipRead MoreThe Censorship Of Internet Censorship3057 Words   |  13 Pages Internet Censorship Student’s Name: Institution Name: Internet Censorship Internet censorship refers to the suppression and control of what people can access, publish, or view on the cyberspace (Reynolds, 2014). It may be done by regimes or private firms at the command of the government. It can be a government’s initiative is or carried out by regulators. Organizations and individuals may practice self-censorship for religious, business or moral reasons to comply with societal normsRead More Internet Censorship Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Censorship The freedom of speech that was possible on the Internet could now be subjected to governmental approvals. For example, China is attempting to restrict political expression, in the name of security and social stability. It requires users of the Internet and electronic mail (e-mail) to register, so that it may monitor their activities. In the United Kingdom, state secrets and personal attacks are off limits on the Internet. Laws are strict and the government is extremely interestedRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Presently, it seems that the Internet is playing a very important role in everyones daily life. This multipurpose network has many different functions useful for everyday work and entertainment. Due to the freedom of the Internet various debates and protests have come to disagree with its open form of communication. Because of the misuse of the internet many people believe that there should be some kind of internet censorship, while others are against internet censorshipRead More Internet Censorship Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Internet Censorship. What does this mean to us? What is restricted? Censorship is summarily defined as the suppression of objectionable material. That means that material such as pornography, militant information, offensive language, anti-religion, and racism would be restricted in use. Freedom would not only be restricted to material placed on the web, but also what you could access, and where you could explore. Should the right of Freedom of Speech be taken away from

Examine the differences between the Hero and Claudio relationship and the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick Essay Example For Students

Examine the differences between the Hero and Claudio relationship and the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick Essay Examine the differences between the Hero and Claudio relationship and the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick. Throughout lessons we have read one of Shakespeares well-known comedies, Much Ado About Nothing. The comedy is well known for its tragedies, deception, mischief and love stories. In this piece of coursework I will be examining and comparing the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick and the relationship between Hero and Claudio, the two central couples in Shakespeares play. During the period when Shakespeare wrote Much Ado About Nothing, love and marriage was looked upon in a different way as it is today. In Elizabethan times it was not rare for arranged marriages to take place: especially within wealthier families. Marriage was often arranged between people depending on the wealth of both families. Fathers often arranged marriages between two people to gain more money, land or social status. In todays society on the other hand, marriage is mostly based on love between two people not what the families can gain from one another. In Elizabethan times there was a well known phrase called courtly love. Courtly love was invariably adulterous, largely because upper-class marriage at the time was usually the result of economic interest or the seal of a power alliance. The courtly lover, who saw himself as enslaved by passion but fired by respect, faithfully served and worshiped his lady-saint. Shakespeare is well known for his plays apposed to his poetry. Throughout Shakespeares comedies he often used comedy lines, love stories and tragedies. Shakespeares comedies often resulted in a couple getting married. Throughout Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare uses a variety of language styles; prose, poetry, wit and imagery. The language is also particularly rich in rhetoric. When Shakespeare uses poetry throughout Much Ado About Nothing it does not always rhyme but is set out like poetry. We can see an example of this when in Act 4 Scene 1, lines 119-121, Leonato accuses his daughter, Hero, of being unfaithful towards Claudio. Wherefore? Why, doth not every earthly thing Cry shame upon her? Could she here deny The story that is printed in her blood? Printed in her blood; shown in her blushes of shame, stamped on her life. Unusually, Much Ado About Nothing is written in prose, as opposed to blank verse. An example of this is shown when Dogberry, Master Constable of Messina, is talking to Leonato about the prisoners. Moreover, sir, which indeed is not under white and black, this plaintiff here, the offender, did call me ass. Dogberry has a great opinion of him self but an imperfect mastery of the English language, meaning most of his speech is not correct. Shakespeare has most people wondering why he decides to write in a poetry style and in other places in prose. The most likely explanation for this is that higher status characters, such as Beatrice, use poetry in important and more dramatic scenes, whereas prose is mostly likely to be used by the lower status characters, such as Dogberry, in more comical and less important scenes. At the start of the play, Beatrice is keen to know weather Benedick has survived the war as she secretly care for him. I pray you, is Signor Montanto returned from the wars, or not? Here in Act 1 Scene 1, lines 128-29, Beatrice asks the messenger weather Benedick has returned from the wars safely but uses the name Montanto, which confuses the messenger. Beatrice coins the name, with obvious sexual innuendo, form a fencing term for a fencing term for an upward thrust. After Hero puts the messenger back in the picture he replies that Benedick has returned safely from the wars. When Beatrice hears the news that he is safe she disguises the fact that she was worried about the well being of Benedick as if she did not care weather he was alive or not. Throughout the entire play, Beatrice and Benedick, accompany each other in battles of wit. This is one of the focus points of the play, showing Shakespeares superb intellect whilst writing. Both Beatrice and Benedick both try to throw one another in believing there is no slight chance of love. Both Beatrice and Benedick vow not to marry. We can see this from Benedick as in Act 2 Scene 1, line 224, Benedick announces to Claudio and Don Pedro; I will live a bachelor. He tries to fool them into believing that he hasnt any feelings for Beatrice. Throughout Act 2 Scene 1, Benedick is found, continuously, talking about Beatrice. It is now even clearer to the audience that Benedick has feelings for Beatrice. But that my lady Beatrice should know me, and not know me! Here Benedick refers to Beatrice as my lady making me come to the conclusion that Benedick does love Beatrice. By continuously talking about Beatrice, Benedick makes clear his feeling towards Beatrice, but still tries to disguise the fact that he has feelings for her. Benedick adopts the appearance of being a male chauvinist and Beatrice adopts the appearance of displaying resent towards the male gender. Beatrice also adopts the appearance of being an unconventional woman of the time era with her constant out spoken behaviour and witty intelligence, which presents a challenge to all male characters in the play. The couples background is fairly clear. We know that Beatrice and Benedick have known each other for a fairly long time. We can see by reading the play that they have a secret passion for one another but that they both fear to speak out about their feelings for one another in case the other does not feel the same way. Both Beatrice and Benedick continue to fight in battles of wit to try to disguise the fact that they both feel the same way towards each other. Beatrice often wins their battles of wit. I think this is because Benedick is sincere towards Beatrice and maybe even lets her win out of respect for her. As the battles continue throughout the play, chemistry starts to grow stronger between them both. As the play continues, the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick starts to blossom and finally results in the couple revealing their true feelings for each other. The couple finally pluck up the courage to do this with a little will power from other characters within the play. Hero and Ursula deliberately talk aloud about Benedicks feelings for Beatrice, so that Beatrice over hears. After over hearing the conversation Beatrice now feels she can also revel the feelings she has for Benedick, as she now does not fear the thought of rejection. Taming my wild heart to thy loving hand. In Act 3 Scene 1, Beatrice revels aloud that she has feelings for Benedick. In Act 4 scene 1, Benedick now knows that the feelings are mutual. Now the couple have become closer, Beatrice springs a conundrum on Benedick to kill Claudio or lose her. In Act 4 Scene 2, after hearing that if he does not challenge Claudio to a fight and hearing the consequences, Benedick finally agrees to challenge Claudio to a fight. I will challenge him. War and Peace and Anna Karenina Comparison EssayHe express how happy he is and how he is willing to give his future to the marriage. This is the point of the play where the relationship between Claudio and Hero officially begins. All is going well between them and we do not hear much about Hero and Claudio and they are only mentioned individually a few times until the wedding ceremony. The ceremony does not go to plan. Claudio hears that Hero has been unfaithful and decides not to approach her with the allegations, instead leave it till the ceremony where he plans to announce it and embarrass Hero in font of the entire church. We can now tell for certain that Claudio is immature, as he did not approach Don Pedro about the allegations that Don John had told him and now he does the same to Hero. Sweet Prince, you learn me noble thankfulness. There, Leonato, take her back again. Give this rotten orange to your friend. In Act 4 Scene 1 Claudio denounces Hero in front of everybody at the ceremony and everyone present seems confused and bewildered along with Hero. Claudio explains all and confronts Hero, making a big scene in the Church. What man was he talkd with you yesternight out at your window betwixt twelve and one? Claudio revels the rumours that he has heard earlier in Act 4 Scene 1. Hero denies all allegations and appears in a confused state. Shortly after the confrontation, Hero faints and the wedding ceremony is abandoned. It now seems to the audience that all is lost between Hero and Claudio and word travels around that Hero has died. All seems lost until Act 5 Scene 1 where Borachio, a follower of Don John, reveals to Claudio that Hero did not deceive or be unfaithful to him and in fact it was Margaret at the window. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦how you were brought into the orchard and saw me court Margaret in Heros garments, how you disgraced her when you should marry her. Claudio, now knowing the truth, feels full of regret and guiltiness as he now thinks he has lost the love of his life. Leonato then hears the truth and meets with Claudio and offers him the chance to marry his niece. My brother hath a daughter, almost the copy of my child thats dead. Hearing the news in the same scene, Claudio accepts Leonatos offer. I think Claudio is still deeply in love with Hero and only accepts Leonatos offer out of mourning for Hero. In Act 5 Scene 4 Claudio prepares to meet his new wife to be. When the new bride unmasks her self it turns out to be Hero. This is a great twist in the play. Another Hero! Claudio is shocked and awaits an answer, Nothing certainer. One Hero died defild but I do live, and surely as I live, I am a maid. This then concludes the development of the relationship between Hero and Claudio. They both finally reach the alter, for a second time, and finally get married. The wedding goes to plan this time and like many of Shakespeares comedies, the couple are expected to lead a happy and fulfilling life together. After studying the relationship between Hero and Claudio, I have established the similarities the couple share. Firstly, I come to the conclusion that both Hero and Claudio are not confident people. Claudio does not have the confidence to talk to Hero and approach himself. Therefore, Don Pedro does the talking for Claudio. Hero displays her unconfident manor in a different way. She is conventional in the relationship between herself and Claudio and acts like what people expect of her. She displays the tradition Courtly love throughout the relationship and displays all the actions a typical Elizabethan women was expected to do. Secondly, Hero and Claudio base their feelings for each other mainly on the looks of one another. Both want to marry at the start of the play also. Lastly, Hero and Claudio act more immaturely, apposed to Beatrice and Benedick. I cannot state any clear differences between the couple. When comparing the relationship between both couples there are similarities and differences. The main similarity and only similarity I can think of between both couples is the trickery used, resulting in both couple getting married. Beatrice and Benedick were tricked into confessing their love for one another and Claudio was tricked into thinking many things, although Claudio still ends up marrying Hero. There are many differences between both couples. Hero and Claudios relationship is based solely on the sexual love they have for on another. They are mainly in love with each others looks, making the relationship very shallow. On the other hand Beatrice and Benedicks relationship is much deeper, based on not only looks but also personality. Beatrice and Benedicks relationship took a longer time to blossom and the couple knew each other for a longer time apposed to Hero and Claudios relationship, which only starts to take place at the masked ball. The final difference is that Benedick and Beatrice took time to finally confess their feelings for one another, whereas Hero and Claudio announced their feelings for each other straight away. Overall, I think both relationships will last but to different factors. I think Hero and Claudios relationship will last but only on the fact that they have feelings for one another based on looks. I think Beatrice and Benedicks relationship will be the happiest as they have more solid foundations. They both have a lot in common; their views, intellect and history. I think the most secure relationship will be Beatrices and Benedicks. I think this as their relationship is based on more than just looks. The feelings for one another seem genuine and when analysing the couple it seems to me that they are a match made in Heaven. Overall I think Much Ado About Nothing is a magical and superb play showing Shakespeares gift for writing throughout. I enjoyed reading the play, as it did not fail to surprise me with its twists. I think it tells the history of Elizabethan marriage superbly. I enjoyed reading the battles of wit that took place between Beatrice and Benedick mostly. If I had the chance to see Much Ado About Nothing in theatre I would as I think it would turn out to be a very entertaining and enjoyable play. Shakespeares work did not appeal to me before reading the play Much Ado About Nothing, but now after reading it I will have to re-evaluate my thoughts as if each play is as superb as this one, I will be reading a lot more of Shakespeares works.

The Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Children Essays - Family, Midwifery

The Effects of Teen Pregnancy on Children The Effects of Teen Pregnancy on Children Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclear families. Many people believe that the implementation of sex education in schools and the addition of more federal aid for single parents are major causes for the country's high rate of teen pregnancies. When the true purpose of sex education and federal aid is to help strengthen the mother and her child so that they can eventually lead productive lives. The absence of a father figure in the home brings about a chain reaction of dilemmas. The emotional problems that children suffer because there is no father in their life can be potentially hazardous to their future. Many children tend to be effected mentally because these powerful emotions have the potential to do permanent damage in a child's life. Children may experience sadness and depression, aggressive behavior, frequent illness, difficulty in school, eating problems, and sleeping disorders. Many children also suffer from various social difficulties and self-esteem problems that come along with living in a one-parent household. The pressure that children raised by teenage parents go through is tremendous. Children who don't have fathers present in the home often feel unloved. There is no trauma as excruciatingly painful as parental rejection and there is probably no worse of a way to wreck a person's life. Males are affected differently by the absence of a father than females are. A boy needs a male role model in his life so that he can learn how to become a man. Children who don't have good role models often choose negative, unsavory characters to mold themselves after. These children become susceptible to many of the dangerous risks associated with children who are raised by teenage parents. "Males that grow up in one-parent homes may gain negative personality traits like immaturity, laziness, and disrespect for women (Meurer, Meurer, Holloway,1996)." Females who grow up without fathers in the home usually end up having pre-marital sex (Hinckely, 1998). " They subconsciously want to make up for the affection that they didn't receive from their fathers. They become too dependent on men because they want someone who can replace their father. These women usually don't know how to relate to other males and they have the wrong idea about what a relationship should be like. Girls may even grow up to hate men because of an unconscious resentment toward absent fathers. The shift from the traditional nuclear family to one-parent homes has been dramatic in the United States. "In many Western industrialized societies, the one-parent family is becoming more common and tolerated (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999)." However they often have not proven to be successful. "Since 1970, the percentage of children living with single parents has doubled, from 12 to 27 percent, because of the increases in the divorce rate and the number of unmarried parents. Single parent families now include more than 18 million children and comprise the most common non-nuclear family (Meurer, Meurer, Holloway,1996)." This is a startling statistic considering the fact that crime and poverty is directly related to children who are raised by teenage parents. People who are faced with the harsh reality of raising children are usually not prepared to handle the responsibility. A lot of men try to run away from the problem. They then reject their children and neglect to provide any kind of financial assistance for them. The mother is ultimately left alone to juggle the task of raising the children and earning all or most of the family income needed to support them. "Forty-one percent of these mothers have never been married (Hinckely, 1998)." Most teen mothers have to rely on government aid like Welfare, W.I.C, Focus Hope, project housing, and Medicaid as relief. These mothers are only able to give their children the bare minimum for survival. I see this first hand because a lot of people I know currently have Medicaid insurance or at least receive a generous amount of financial aid from the government to attend college here at Aquinas. There are a lot of people who attend colleges all over the country thanks to financial aid and grants. Government aid is good and people who are in need deserve to receive it. After all it is the governments' duty to ensure its people the right to

Conjugation of Spanish Verbs in the Present Tense

Conjugation of Spanish Verbs in the Present Tense The most common set of verbs in Spanish and perhaps the most important set of verbs that need to be learned first is the present  indicative  tense. Although there are conjugations that are easier to learn, the present indicative tense is used the most. Native English speakers conjugate regular verbs all the time without thinking about it: For the past tense add a d or ed to the end of a verb, and for the present tense, add an s or es to indicate that one person or thing is performing an action. Basic Spanish Conjugation Concepts The conjugation of Spanish verbs is a little trickier than in English. A speaker needs to consider several different tenses, moods, gender, and agreement in person according to what needs to be conveyed in the sentence. Spanish verb endings can indicate when the action occurs, and also give the listener a better idea of who or what is performing the action. The present tense means that the action is occurring now. The indicative mood means that the sentence is a statement of fact. To  conjugate  a verb in the present indicative, remove the  infinitive  ending of the regular verb, in this case  -ar,  -er  or  -ir,  and replace it with an ending that gives an indication as to the person that is performing the action of the verb. For example, hablar is the infinitive of a common regular verb ending in -ar.  To form the present indicative, remove the  -ar, which leaves the stem of the verb  habl-. If the person speaking in the sentence is in the singular  first person, that would mean the sentence would be conjugated to be I speak. In Spanish, when conjugating or changing the stem into a  first-person verb, take the stem and add -o, forming the word  hablo. I speak is Yo hablo. To say you speak, which is the singular, informal, second person, add -as to the stem, forming the word  hablas. You speak is Tu hablas. Other forms exist for subjects such as he, she, or it, we, and they. The endings are slightly different for verbs that end in -er and -ir, but the principle is the same. Remove the infinitive ending, then add the appropriate ending to the remaining stem. Conjugation of Regular -Ar Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Ar Ending Example: Hablar Translation: To Speak yo -o hablo I speak t -as hablas you (informal) speak l, ella, usted -a habla he/she speak, you (formal) speak nosotros, nosotras -amos hablamos we speak vosotros, vosotras -is hablis you speak (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -an hablan they speak, you (formal) speak Conjugation of Regular -Er Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Er Ending Example: Aprender Translation: To Learn yo -o aprendo I learn t -es aprendes you (informal) learn l, ella, usted -e aprende he/she learns, you (formal) learn nosotros, nosotras -emos aprendemos we learn vosotros, vosotras -is aprendis you learn (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -en aprenden they learn, you (formal) learn Conjugation of Regular -Ir Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Ir Ending Example: Vivir Translation: To Live yo -o vivo I live t -es vives you (informal) live l, ella, usted -e vive he/she lives, you (formal) live nosotros, nosotras -imos vivimos we live vosotros, vosotras -s vivs you live (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -en viven they live, you (formal) live Irregular Verb Conjugation Although most verbs conjugate regularly, the most common verbs in Spanish usually do not. In some cases, not only the endings change, but also the main part of the verb, known as the stem. This is similar to English, where the most common verbs such as to be and to go are also highly  irregular verbs. Present Indicative Conjugations of Common Irregular Verbs Infinitive Translation Conjugations dar to give yo doy, t das, usted/l/ella da, nosotros/nosotras damos, vosotros/vosotras dais, ustedes/ellos/ellas dan estar to be yo estoy, t ests, usted/l/ella est, nosotros/nosotras estamos, vosotros/vosotras estis, ustedes/ellos/ellas estn hacer to make yo hago, t haces, usted/l/ella hace, nosotros/nosotras hacemos, vosotros/vosotras hacis, ustedes/ellos/ellas hacen ir to go yo voy, t vas, usted/l/ella va, nosotros/nosotras vamos, vosotros/vosotras vais, ustedes/ellos/ellas van poder to be able to yo puedo, t puedes, usted/l/ella puedes, nosotros/nosotras podemos, vosotros/vosotras podis, ustedes/ellos/ellas pueden ser to be yo soy, t eres, usted/l/ella es, nosotros/nosotras somos, vosotros/vosotras sois, ustedes/ellos/ellas son tener to have yo tengo, t tienes, usted/l/ella tiene, nosotros/nosotras tenemos, vosotros/vosotras tenis, ustedes/ellos/ellas tienen Key Takeaways In both English and Spanish, conjugating involves the changing of verb forms to give information about who or what is performing the verbs action and when that action occurs.Spanish conjugation is far more extensive than Englishs, thus providing more information about the verbs action.Conjugating regular Spanish verbs in the indicative present tense involves removing the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, or -ir) and changing it to something else.

Building research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Building - Research Paper Example Some books of Latin America are as old as 1751 and some manuscripts and newspaper of the 18th century. In the central tower, the library can hold up to 180,000 volumes of books and in the underground around 600,000 volumes making their collection about 1 million volumes and other manuscripts that may also total in millions (Parks). The building consists of marble, granite, bronze and glasswork. Its structure was designed at 200’-0’’ and 350’-0’’ site plan. The building  has  total square footage of  88,347. The  buildings roof serves as a landmark for visitors and people on the campus of Yale. It is a six-story tower, which is enclosed by glass top, containing book stacks encircled by windowless shell held by four piers at the curve of the building. The outer walls are made of Lucida marble panel, which protects direct sunlight from coming in, yet promoted subdued light entrance. The marble walls are thinly sliced that makes sunlight enter the library softly making the view beautiful and unique (â€Å"Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library†). The dimensions have appropriate mathematical proportions, 1:2:3, which make the architectural design platonic. The building is commonly  known  as the â€Å"jewel box† because of its unique feature that there is a stark light emerging after sun is set. It is also known as the â€Å"laboratory of humanities.† The presence of Alexander Calder’s â€Å"Gallows and Lollipops† across the plaza serves as a delightful sight for the visitor (â€Å"Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library†). Visitors enter into the building using a revolving glass door, and there are two stairways to the mezzanine level that displays Beinecke’s collection. There is a public exhibition house, which displays 48 extant copies of Gutenberg Bible. There are two basement doors, first which goes down to the â€Å"Court† level, at the heart in front of Beinecke â€Å"The Garden"  that features sculptures of Isamu Noguchi (Pyramid Sun and Cube).

Machiavelli's The Prince Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Machiavelli's The Prince - Essay Example 7, 2006) These principles have become insightful and meaningful political policies in the 16th century onwards in the European society. (http://www.123helpme.com/view.aspid=23518, Nov. 7, 2006) Although Machiavelli did not state directly how some European societies had failed in ruling them, he had specifically implied the thought through several examples that were presented in the book. But, The Prince did not, nevertheless, forget to point out those rulers who were worthy of praise in delivering the best principalities to its people. As each ruler change, the challenges that he faces also changes. The more that the society looks forward to modernization, the more that the ruler meets a challenging and a more demanding society. Moreover, the challenges and his reactions to these challenges at the same time depend upon how he acquired the principality. Therefore, the newer the ruler becomes, the more difficult are the problems that he faces. "I say, then, that in hereditary states accustomed to the rule of their prince's family there are far fewer difficulties in maintaining them than in new states; for it suffices simply not to break ancient customs, and then to suit one's actions to unexpected events; in this manner, if such a prince is of ordinary ability, he will always maintain his state, unless some extraordinary and inordinate force deprive him of it; and although it may be taken away from him, he will regain it with the slightest mistake of the usurper."(Machiavelli, p. 8) Machiavelli's conclusions were based from his experiences and observations from the previous rulers that he had encountered. Furthermore, in order for the ruler to convene the challenges of the modern society such that of the European society, a set of values is needed to be put into practice. But coping up with these problems, or rather overcoming them still depends upon how they had acquired the principality. One of the most significant points Machiavelli had stressed out were those of the different policies or strategies that a ruler may employ in developing a good society. The ruler's ability to exercise his power should be taken into account, as well as his ability to implement rules in the community. This may even encourage him to adopt new strategies in exercising his power up to an extent where he will be able to keep a hold on to the society he rules. There are however, traditional values that are found to be appropriate if applied in the modern society. Every principality should be governed differently such that every ruler faces his own difficulty in ruling the state. Still, depending on the ways in which the ruler had acquired the principality, there is a need for him to examine the situations and the values that he should practice in order to appropriately direct the society, and at the same time save it from his enemies. "As I have said, when those states that are acquired are used to living by their own laws and in freedom, there are three methods of holding on to them: the first is to destroy them; the second is to go there in person to live; the third is to allow them to live with their own laws, forcing them to pay a tribute and creating therein a government made up of a few people who will keep

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice - Essay Example The term 'punishment' within the realm of psychology has been defined and described by B.F. Skinner, a popular psychologist, as a type of reinforcement - the consequences of which makes a behavior less likely. It includes both positive as well as negative reinforcement. It is also defined as "affecting behavior by using unpleasant consequences" (Weseley and McEntarffer, 2010: 137). Psychologists over the years have identified three fundamental types of learning among individuals. These include classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. Among these, the operant conditioning method of learning or reinforcing desirable behavior has been widely applied by the criminal justice systems across the world. Operant conditioning is different as compared to negative reinforcements since unlike the latter, operant conditioning targets the undesirable behavior (such as lying, stealing etc) and eliminates it by punishment (Levinson, 2002). Figure 1: The Operant condit ioning process Source: Vito and Maahs, 2011: 116 Within the field of criminal psychology, the consistency of punishment is given much more significance as compared to the severity of punishment, as it is regarded as highly effective in deterring criminal behavior among individuals (Vito and Maahs, 2011). Relationship to corrections: Punishments are known to be highly effective in drawing favorable responses from the criminals. Historically various forms of punishments such as fines, spankings, imprisonment, and other corporal punishments have been commonly implemented by criminal justice systems as a means to control behavior. According to psychologists punishments have the ability of significantly lowering the possibility of a response to occur again and hence are one of the widely accepted measures of corrections (Coon and Mitterer, 2008). Psychologists have observed through a series of experiments that criminals / individuals in general, tend to teach themselves to obey their con sciences through operant conditioning. It has been observed that criminals displayed weaker responses and higher likelihood to return to normal / acceptable behavior after receiving adverse punishments such as injections or shocks (Levinson, 2002). The psychology of criminal behavior is rooted in the fundamental principles of human behavior such as behavioral, social learning and cognitive psychology. Hence any form of punishment which targets individual behavior or aims to alter their behavioral patterns are known to generate favorable results. According to Spiegler and Gueveremont (1998) "behavior therapy arguably has the broadest and strongest empirical base of any form of psychotherapy". (qtd. in Tonry, 2011: 168) However despite the growing evidence regarding the effectiveness of punishments in deterring crime there is no significant relationship between the severity of punishment and seriousness of the crime committed. It has been observed that criminals charged with relativel y lower offences have been confined to longer terms of imprisonment (Clear, Reisig and Cole, 2012). Critical evaluation: The corrections policy and criminal justice system in general have significantly changed over the years. The highly severe forms of punishme

Karl Marx :: essays research papers

Karl Marx was the father of laissez-faire which means the survival of the fittest. Those who develop the most complex of societies, those with the most money and power are considered the fittest and have â€Å"triumphed† over the inferior. This occurs in order for society to move forward and create a work ethic for members of the working class to follow. This may only occur for members of the dominant group. Those who are non-white and non-male may not experience the same benefits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poverty a sign of inferiority because they don’t have the power the fittest have. Those who owned the means of production were the â€Å"fit† individuals because this gave them power over the lower classes. Spencer argued against government interference to help the lower classes, he said that this would only go against the natural evolution of mankind. The Welfare system, in Spencer’s critique is a system to help the parasites of society to survive. They drain the system that the capitalists have built. Over time these â€Å"unfit† classes would either improve or die off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Simple societies were like infants, which would either grow up, aided, ideally by the example of more advances adults, or not evolve and therefore die off.† (Social Theory for a Change, P.53). These ideas were from a capitalist prospective. Spencer felt that an entirely free market could work; Marx’s laissez-faire ideas backed the idea that government interference or regulation would once again only inhibit the natural evolution of society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Only laissez-faire (Free economy) capitalism, which permitted individuals to profit as they saw fit, would allow human happiness and further societal progress† (P.49) Spencer’s ideas were imperialist because they say that only the strongest/fittest of societies will last over time and â€Å"inferior† nations wouldn’t be able to adapt to the changing world and would eventually disappear.

Drinking and Driving: Underage, Military & Binge Drinking

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 UNDERAGE DRINKING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 MILITARY UNDERGE DRINKING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 BINGE DRINKING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 RECOMMENDATIONS/SOLUTIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 MILITARY WINGMAN CONCEPT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 ENFORCING THE LAW†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 WORKS CITED†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSReported Drinking Patterns Among Students†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ 6 Table 1 Binge Drinking Prevalence, Frequency, and Intensity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Michael J. Green Professor Paul Rosenberg Writing for Managers 2 March 2013 Drinking and Driving: Underage, Military and Binge Drinking We all know one of the worst decisions we can make as responsible drivers is to get behind the wheel after a night out on the town where we may have had a few too many alcoholic beverages. We may not even be in a condition to make a rational judgment, let alone operate a vehicle.Underage Drinking We all know that underage drinking is when anyone under the legal drinking age of 21 drinks alcohol. Many teens face adult problems at a very young age. Underage drinking is a major problem among teens today. In today society, kids are being pressured into doing things at a very young age. Problem many parents are fa cing in their own life are also posing as problems on their kids. Aside from being illegal, underage drinking can bring about public health problems.According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism underage drinking risks include: â€Å"Death – 5,000 people under the age of 21 die each year from alcohol-related car crashes, homicides, suicides, alcohol poisoning, and other injuries such as falls, burn, and drowning. † (NIAAA) We are not only talking about deaths as well as serious injuries, impaired judgment, increased risk for physical and sexual assault and brain development problems. (NIAAA). As you can see there are serious risks involved with underage drinking.Compare and Contrast Driving in the Winter and Driving in the SummerHow can you recognize the signs of underage drinking? Here are some signs that can help you recognize underage drinking. We’ve all probably seen some of these warning signs at one point in our life. But how much att ention did you really give them. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism here are some warning signs that can help you recognize underage drinking. Has there been a change in their academic grades or any behavioral problems at school? Has there been a change in who they hang out with?Have they appeared to be less interested in their favorite activity or sporting event? Do they not want to be seen in public or make an appearance at a family function? Can you smell alcohol on their breath or have you found empty or full alcoholic beverages on them or in their room? Do they have slurred speech or muscle coordination problems, such as walking in a straight line? (NIAAA) Again these are just some of the warning signs that can help your recognize that your teenager maybe drinking alcohol.As you can see from the below chart there’s a high percentage of 12th graders, 42% to be exact, that have had an alcoholic beverage in the past month. If you add up all three grades you get a total of 81% of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders that have drank in the past month. I find this to be an alarming rate and we have to do something to decrease these numbers. (L. Johnston) Military Underage Drinking We all know that you only have to be 18 to enter the military or 17 with your parent’s permission.So we can serve our country and die for this country but we can’t have an alcoholic drink, legally, until we are 21. Underage drinking in the military is nothing new. I remember when I first came in the Air Force, even though the legal age to drink was 21, nobody really said or did anything about underage drinking. Man how times have changed! Military members between the ages of 18 and 25 tend to be heavy drinkers, more so than their civilian peers. (Rhem) I’m not surprised or really alarmed by this but did you know that 21% of military members admit to heavily drinking.What I am alarmed by though is this statistic hasn’t been low ered in 20 years. Alcohol abuse costs the Department of Defense over $600 million a year to either treat members or account for lost time at work. The Department of Defense has decided to take a new approach to lower these statistics. According to LtCol Wayne Talcott senior officials like a new approach to preventive maintenance â€Å"You maintain a jet engine so it doesn’t fall out of the sky. † â€Å"We need to begin to look at where there are risks to the human weapon system and how we can build a system that protects our people. (Rhem) The military usually waits till there is a problem with alcohol abuse before doing anything about it. However, recently we have seen an increase in developing new programs or procedures to educate our military members about the severity of alcohol related problems. We just want to get the right message to the right people about making better decisions about their drinking behavior. Under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, Article 111 – Drunken or reckless operations of a vehicle, aircraft, or vessel. General, Manual for Courts-Martial United States) As you can see, the military has its own set of rules that members have to follow. Even though the military laws are similar in nature to civilian laws we are held to a higher standard. Some tools that commanders can use to manage alcohol abusers are: Line of Duty determination; Actions involving security clearance, access to classified information or access to restricted areas; Duty assignment review to determine if the member should continue in current duties; Unfavorable Information File or control roster actions based on alcohol related isconduct or substandard duty performance; Separation under the Uniform Code of Military Justice for document failure to meet standards; and Administrative demotion, withholding of promotion and denial of reenlistment. (General, The Military Commander and the Law) Line of Duty determination is used to determine if the illness, injury, or disease existed prior to service (EPTS) and if the EPTS condition was aggravated by military service.It is used to determine whether or not the illness, injury, or disease, or death occurred while the member was absent from duty and whether or not the illness, injury, disease or death was due to the member’s own misconduct. Once the findings are revealed from the Line of Duty investigation, it may impact the following areas: You may not be eligible for disability retirement and/or severance pay; you may not be entitled to pay and allowances; your current enlistment could be extended to include any period of time that you were unable to perform your duties; you could be denied your veteran benefits or medical benefits.If the line of duty investigation finds you guilty you could lose out on more than you thought. (General, The Military Commander and the Law) As you can see, Commanders have several tools at their disposal to prevent or correct alcohol related incidents. But that doesn’t mean they can prevent all of them. Binge Drinking Binge drinking is the most common pattern of excessive alcohol use in the United States. The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism defines binge drinking as a pattern of drinking that brings a person’s blood alcohol concentration to . 08 grams percent or above.This typically happens when men consume 5 or more drinks, and when women consume 4 or more drinks, in about 2 hours. (Alcoholism) According to national surveys: One in six U. S. adults binge drinks about four times a month, consuming about eight drinks per binge; While binge drinking is more common among young adults aged 18-34 years, binge drinkers aged 65 years and older report binge drinking more often – an average of five to six times a month; Binge drinking is more common among those with household incomes of $75,000 or more than among those with lower incomes; Approximately 92% of U.S. adults who drink excessi vely report binge drinking in the past 30 days; Although college students commonly binge drink, 70% of binge drinking episodes involve adults age 26 years and older; The occurrence of binge drinking among men is twice the occurrence among women; Binge drinkers are 14 times more likely to report alcohol-impaired driving than non-binge drinkers; About 90% of the alcohol consumed by youth under the age of 21 in the United States is in the form of binge drinks and more than half of the alcohol consumed by adults in the United States is in the form of binge drinks. CDC) Frequent binge drinkers can have the most serious health problems. These people are seven to sixteen times more likely, than non-binge drinkers to have missed classes, gotten behind in their school work, engaged in unplanned sexual activity, and not used protection during sexual intercourse, had run-ins with police, damage property, and been injured or hurt. (CDC) As you can see from the above chart binge drinking happens in all age groups, race and ethnicity group’s, educational levels, and in all income levels.Conclusion I’ve talked about several problems that are related to underage, military and binge drinking and driving. Why I talked about all three of these types is that they intertwine with one another. Most if not all of us had a drink before we were 21, I know I did. Does that make it right for the next generation to continue to do so? Who’s to say! We have come a long way since I was under 21 and we still have a long ways to go. I don’t think we will ever completely get rid of underage, military or binge drinking and driving.It’s going to happen! But we can make some recommendations or solutions to educate our kids. Recommendations/Solutions In my opinion there is no right way or wrong way about reducing underage, military or binge drinking and driving. Each state and/or city may have their own way of trying to reduce drinking and driving. But here are s ome examples of what is being proposed and done in the Cheyenne, Wyoming area on Military bases and on College campuses throughout the state.How can we improve the educational processes to educate our youth about the dangers of alcohol? What we do know is that educational programs that only provide information or that focuses on self-esteem or resisting peer pressure haven’t been effective. The Wyoming youth group is proposing a more aggressive approach. Instead of waiting till community colleges and Universities are experiencing binge drinking problems we need to start at the grade school and high school levels. (Group)Here is a detailed list of what the State of Wyoming is recommending at all educational levels: Developing school cultures that promote prevention and intervention policies; Increase state and local funding for prevention education in schools and colleges; work with senior administrators to understand what must be done to reduce underage drinking; make sure co lleges and universities adhere to policy enforcement and changes; ensure constant development and consistent communication with statewide colleges and universities; proper certification for employees serving alcoholic beverages; encourage youth involvement for positive change. Group) Here is what the State of Wyoming is recommending at kindergarten through twelfth grade: See what programs have shown success and share them with other Wyoming schools. Provide education to school employees on how to identify underage drinking and how to handle the situation. Educate youth in making healthy, safe and lawful lifestyle decisions. Have alcohol-free events and activities. You can even go as far as doing random sobriety checks before people leave the event or activity.Educate the youth about the dangers of underage drinking to include brain damage, addictive disorders and legal consequences that can arise from alcohol abuse. Talk with them about how alcohol can impair their performance stand ards in and out of the classroom. Provide education to both the kids and to the parents. Parents need to be able to communicate effectively with their children. Help them acquire necessary skills regarding advertising and promotion of alcohol. Establish support groups for kids when there is drinking in the home.Ask for feedback and/or surveys this will enable all parties to see what is and what isn’t working. (Group) For higher education the State of Wyoming is recommending the following programs: Utilize the best programs found by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. This will help you in developing your own local college programs. The plans should include but are not limited to: screening and intervention strategies; encouraging alcohol free events or activities; limit alcohol related advertisement on campuses; enforcing campus policies and state and local laws; continuous research and program evaluation.Support efforts by colleges and Universities to red uce alcohol use; ask for support and help from senior leadership on college campuses to increase awareness of high-risk alcohol related activities; increase education to first year students, athletes and organizations that promote alcohol related activities; educate your staff, parents, and even alumni and warning signs of alcohol abuse; provide referral information and updates on policies and procedures; provide an anonymous student survey to see if the educational programs are working and underage drinking is decreasing.Now that we have the schools accounted for what about educating our parents. (Group) Here are some things you can do to ensure you provide the necessary education to their parents. Parents are the first line of defense at times and need to intervene when they see a problem. What can we do for the parents? Establish peer groups – social media is a great source to reach out to for assistance and guidance. Provide presentations by parents from parents that have lived through a death or alcohol related incident. Who is held liable for providing alcohol to minors? Provide effective ways for parents to talk to their children about alcohol abuse.Provide pamphlets to parents so they can identify the signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse. Educate the parents on how to host an alcohol free house party for their kid. (Group) These are some of the educational needs that the State of Wyoming is implementing or has implemented throughout the state. As you can see they are not just relying on the schools to intervene. They are making sure parents are involved and how to identify any signs or symptoms their child may be showing from alcohol abuse. I feel that these educational needs can be easily implemented within each and every state. Military Wingman ConceptThe term Wingman stems from a time-honored tradition within our Air Force flying community that essentially says a lead pilot will never lose his/her Wingman. It’s a promise, a pledge, a co mmitment between Airmen who fly. The Air Force has cultivated and instilled this same culture of commitment between all Airmen and Air Force civilians in all career fields and specialties via the Wingman program. Being a Wingman isn’t easy, but all Airmen at all levels of command have a role as Wingmen. How can you transfer this ability of being a wingman from military time honored tradition to a non-military environment?You would think this would be easy, but some people don’t recognize the concept. I’m going to use a sports analogy to help explain the Wingman concept. â€Å"Let’s say we have a highly skilled professional football team. Holes in the line open up an instant before the running back reaches them at full speed, allowing him to achieve a big gain. Pass receivers run complicated pass routes, turning back to look at the quarterback after the ball is already airborne on its way to them. Simultaneously, offensive linemen keep defensive players f rom reaching the quarterback just long enough for him to get the pass off†¦and not a moment longer.Meanwhile, the quarterback, without even looking at or coordinating with his blockers, knows just how long he can hold the ball before he has to get rid of it. And the timing of all this is compressed into less than four seconds. † (Dettmer) As you can see, the wingman concept can be carried over to non-military business situations. But we seldom see this in businesses. Businesses are still comprised of mutual activities that at times require a team effort to complete a project or task. Some of it may be due to the fact at the end of the day you get to go home and you don’t have to rely on them to save your life.The Wingman concept is simple and easy to implement into your work area, no matter where you work. To be a good Wingman all you have to do is take care of yourself and those around you. Some ways you could do this is when you are out with your buddies and they ’ve had a little too much to drink, you step up and tell them they’ve had enough. You don’t let your wingman get behind the wheel of a car after they’ve had anything to drink. It’s not about being their friend; it’s about saving their life or someone else’s life. In the end it comes down to making the Wingman concept a way of life, and not just a slogan.Enforcing the Law How can you control drunk driving? It requires four board strategies: Deterrence; Treatment; Information and education; and Prevention. I’m going to provide solutions on how we can implement all four and decrease or control drunk driving. What is deterrence and how can that control drunk driving? Deterrence is simple! However, it may not be all that simple to pass new laws that prohibit drunk driving. Deterrence is also enforcing existing laws and holding those that broke the law accountable. It’s basically like, striking fear into them if they do decide to drink and drive.A good example of this is the zero tolerance law. Not all states have this but some do. It’s a law that applies to anyone under the age of 21 that gets caught for drinking and driving. How embarrassed would you be if you got caught for drinking and driving and lost your driver licenses? If you were still in high school, most likely the whole school would know about it. This alone could be a deterrent for some, but maybe not for all. (Hedlund and McCartt) Treatment is about getting the help you need when you need it. Alcohol is a drug and if left untreated can cause serious damage to your health and to others around you.However, treatment sometimes only happens once you have been arrested or caught. The most difficult thing is to self-identify and get the help you need before it’s too late. Changing individual’s behavior is not easy. However, if you can assess all offenders equally and then assign them a treatment program that is appropriate f or their needs. (Hedlund and McCartt) Information and education by itself doesn’t decrease drinking and driving and has little or no effect on reducing it either. However, combined with deterrence and prevention programs it goes a long way.Educating the public on drinking and driving laws has proven very effective in reducing drinking and driving. For example those states that have â€Å"Zero Tolerance† laws in place 85% of drivers were not aware that the blood alcohol content for minors was different than for those that are over 21. With a little information and education in those states they reduced drinking and driving crashes by 30%. It has been proven that a little education can go a long ways. (Hedlund and McCartt) With prevention we have control over a few things. We can enforce the policies that are in place or create new one law’s.We have already established the legal age to drink alcohol is 21. By increasing the legal age from 18 to 21 this was an atte mpt to reduce underage drinking. We can regulate the places and time when you can purchase alcohol. You have to have a liquor license to sale or distribute alcoholic beverages. Some states also regulate on the day and time you can purchase alcohol. For example some states don’t allow you to purchase alcohol on Sunday before noon or not at all, and most states don’t allow the sale of alcohol after 2 a. m. We can also regulate the taxes on alcoholic beverages.For example the amount of taxes for alcoholic beverages in the State of Wyoming hasn’t increased since 1935. (Group) Prevention programs can make a difference, but even small measures are better than nothing at all. Programs like training bartenders or servers to know when they should stop serving to the customer have proved beneficial. In the end though, the best strategy for progress is through improved deterrence, with assistance from the other three strategies. Works Cited Alcoholism, National Institute o f Alcohol Abuse and. â€Å"NIAAA council approves definition of binge drinking. NIAAA Newsletter (2004): 3. CDC. â€Å"Vital signs: binge drinking prevalence, frequency, and intensity among adults – U. S. 2010. † MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Report (2012; 61 (1)): 9-14. Dettmer, William. â€Å"The Wingman Concept. † 2006. The Wingman Concept. 2 Mar 2013. General, Judge Advocate. â€Å"Manual for Courts-Martial United States. † General, Judge Advocate. Manual for Courts-Martial United States. Maxwell AFB: The Judge Advocate General School, 2012. IV51 – IV53. General, Judge Advocate. â€Å"The Military Commander and the Law. † General, Judge Advocate. The Military Commander and the Law.Maxwell AFB: The Judge Advocate General School, 2012. 215-223. Group, Cody Youth. â€Å"Wyoming Cares. † Jan 2012. http://www. wyocare. org/items/get_pdf/1416%20%20problems%20and%20solution%20document. 2 Mar 2013. Hedlund, James H. and Anne T. McCartt. Drunk Driving: Seeking Additional Solutions. Traffic Safety. Washington D. C. : Preusser Research Group, Inc, 2002. L. Johnston. â€Å"Centruy Council. † Dec 2012. Centery Council. 2 March 2013. NIAAA. National Institute on Alchohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 2013. 2 March 2013. Rhem, SSgt Kathleen T. â€Å"Alcohol Abuse Costs DoD Dearly. † U. S. Military (2000): 1.

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